Which of the following is an example of retrospective reinsurance?

Retrospective reinsurance is a type of reinsurance that involves transferring the liabilities of a specified portfolio of past losses. A loss portfolio transfer is a perfect illustration of this concept, as it allows an insurer to manage its balance sheet more effectively by transferring the future loss liabilities of previously incurred claims to a reinsurer. In this arrangement, the reinsurer assumes responsibility for these past losses, allowing the ceding company to stabilize its financial position and reduce volatility associated with the impacts of these existing claims.

In contrast, the other options represent different reinsurance arrangements. Excess of loss reinsurance provides coverage for losses above a specified retention limit for future events rather than past losses. Quota share agreements involve sharing a percentage of premiums and losses on policies written in the future, rather than dealing with previously incurred losses. Surplus share reinsurance allows a ceding insurer to cede a percentage of risks above a certain threshold but does not specifically address past losses. Thus, loss portfolio transfer stands out as the correct example of retrospective reinsurance.